All structures built can be classified into the following groups:
- Mass structures
Mass structures have been used since ancient history. They are based on the strength, resistance and permanence of natural structures that can stand the test of time. They are made up of large, thick stone blocks and the accumulation of materials used to provide support.
Some of the clearest examples of mass structures include the Egyptian pyramids, ancient temples, dams and stone bridges, some of which are still standing.
- Framed structures
These structures use resistant elements, such as vertical pillars and columns crossed by horizontal beams to form a framework. Today, they are used to construct the skeleton of buildings and to build scaffolding. A ladder is an example of a simple frame structure.
- Laminated structures
These structures are used to provide coverage and protection. They tend to be light and are usually fragile in comparison to other heavier structures. Harder, more resistant laminated structures are usually called exoskeletons.
The most common structures of this type include the outer panels of electrical appliances or the sheets of metal that cover a car.
- Hanging or suspended structures
This type of structure is based on the use of braces and steel cables to support solid structural elements. Braces and cables are often used in bridge-building projects, which tend to have one or two large towers, upon which the braces and steel cables that support the bridge rest.
- Triangulated structures
Triangles are the only geometrical shape that cannot be deformed. This means that an object made up of three rigid bars that form a triangle does not change shape when forces are applied to it. Therefore, triangulation, or making triangles with resistant elements, is the most effective way to make structures more rigid and more difficult to deform.
This type of solution can be seen in buildings and permanent structures, as well as temporary structures such as cranes, for example.
